个人经历
教义释经的第三种错误方法是允许个人经历来建立教义。从积极的一面来看,基督徒对神的体验促使他们想更多地认识神。我们越是顺服信靠神,神也就越发显出他是信实的。但是,基督徒的个人经验也可能成为正确解释圣经的阻碍。只有圣经本身才具有最终权威,而不是个人经历神的主观感受。例如,伴随着重生的经历,一个人往往形成对罪、耶稣基督、圣灵的工作、教会的宗旨等许多教义的理解。如果他之后拒绝在圣经的光照之下改变他的观念,反而说“但是我知道自己一直信的就是对的,因为我曾经亲身经历过”或者“神那时在我生命中动工,因此我知道这一定是对的”,如此一来,个人的经历就变成了权威。然而,我们必须根据圣经来解释个人经历,而不是用个人经历来解释圣经。
我们在形成个人对某段经文的解释或个人的教义体系时,必须极其谦卑,偏离教会一致公认的智慧,是很危险的。尽管当今世界标榜个人的自主性,但圣灵以他的方式带领他的教会,这种方式没有哪个人能够独有。谨记,我们每一个人都必须为自己如何应用圣经负责,正如《提摩太后书》2 章 15 节所说:“你当竭力在神面前得蒙喜悦,作无愧的工人,按着正意分解真理的道。”
到此,我们已经讨论了四种能将研读圣经的基督徒领入歧途的释经方法:充满寓意或神秘色彩的前现代超自然释经,理性的现代释经,将自然主义和主观主义生硬结合的后现代释经,以及用既定的框架来解释每段经文的教义释经。值得注意的是,上述这些释经法分别建立在有关圣经的一个正确的前设之上,即圣经是超自然的,圣经是自然的,圣经必须被运用,圣经是前后连贯的、其所有教导彼此相合成为一个整体。问题在于,这四种释经法都只强调有关圣经的一个前设,而忽视了其他同样正确的前设。解决这个问题的方法就是在解释圣经时兼顾圣经的所有前设。
这些关于圣经的前设隐含着一些原则,我们将在下一章介绍。之后,我们会分析由这些原则衍生的具体指导方法。
推荐阅读书目
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